Who Invented Ethernet

â€Å"I came to work one day at MIT and the computer had been stolen so I called DEC to break the news to them that this $30,000 computer that theyd lent me was gone. They thought this was the greatest thing that ever happened because it turns out I had in my possession the first computer small enough to be stolen!†Ã‚  (Robert Metcalfe) The Ethernet is a system for connecting computers within a building using hardware running from machine to machine. It differs from the Internet, which connects remotely located computers. Ethernet uses some software borrowed from Internet protocol, but the connecting hardware was the basis of a patent involving newly designed chips and wiring. The patent describes Ethernet as a multipoint data communication system with collision detection. Robert Metcalfe and Ethernet   Robert Metcalfe was a member of the research staff at Xerox at their Palo Alto Ranch Center, where some of the first personal computers were made. Metcalfe was asked to build a networking system for PARCs computers. Xeroxs wanted this set up because they were also building the worlds first laser printer and they wanted all PARCs computers to be able to work with this printer. Metcalfe met with two challenges. The network had to be fast enough to drive the very fast new laser printer. It also had to connect hundreds of computers within the same building. This had never been an issue before. Most companies had one, two or maybe three computers in operation at any one of their premises. Metcalfe remembered hearing about a network called ALOHA that was used at the University of Hawaii. It relied on radio waves in lieu of telephone wire to send and receive data. This led to his idea to use coaxial cables rather than radio waves to limit interference in transmissions.   The press has often stated that Ethernet was invented on May 22, 1973 when Metcalfe wrote a memo to his bosses touting  its potential. But Metcalfe claims Ethernet was actually invented very gradually over a period of several years. As part of this lengthy process, Metcalfe and his assistant David Boggs published a paper titled, Ethernet: Distributed Packet-Switching for Local Computer Networks  in 1976.   The Ethernet patent is U.S. patent #4,063,220, awarded in 1975. Metcalfe completed creation of an open Ethernet standard in 1980, which became an IEEE industry standard by 1985. Today, Ethernet is considered the genius invention that means we no longer have to dial up to access the Internet. Robert Metcalfe Today   Robert Metcalfe left Xerox in 1979 to promote the use of personal computers and local area networks. He successfully convinced the Digital Equipment, Intel and Xerox corporations to work together to promote Ethernet as a standard. He succeeded as Ethernet is now the most widely-installed LAN protocol and an international computer industry standard.   Metcalfe founded 3Com in 1979. He accepted a position as Professor of Innovation and Murchison Fellow of Free Enterprise at the University of Texas Cockrell School of Engineering in 2010.

The Impact Of Technology On Managerial Accounting Essay

Introduction Technological advances have dramatically changed many aspects within organizations and influenced how they operate today. In particular, technology has modernized accounting information in the way that it stored, shared and transmitted. Technological advances have changed practices for management accountants, who provide financial statements for external users such as investors and government agencies and accounting information to internal users which primarily are managers within the organization. Most importantly for businesses, managers have also been influenced by technology in the way they retrieve and evaluate accounting data to make decisions, plan and control the business. Technology provides a multitude of advantages to organizations; however, some would argue the advantages comes with disadvantages. Regardless, both management accountants and managers must be aware of technological advancements and use them to their advantage to ensure the company maintain s its position in the marketplace. Evolution of Technology in Managerial Accounting The increased use of computers and the internet has significantly influenced change in managerial accounting. It is rare to find an organization that maintains its financial bookkeeping manually through the use of notebooks and pencils. Accounting books have been replaced with electronic spreadsheets and documents, accounting information systems (AIS) and enterprise resource planning systems (ERP). The demandShow MoreRelatedManagerial Accounting And The Certified Management1408 Words   |  6 PagesManagerial accounting is used by an organization to ensure informed decisions are made regarding current and future operations. Businessmen and women must have the ability to comprehend financial information provided to properly determine the correct course of action. In the global market of today, an organization’s inability to accurately determine the best course of action can lead to financial ruin for the company. Uninformed decisions by leadership can derail a business’ prospects for successRead MorePrinciples of Accounting1276 Words   |  5 PagesPrinciples of Accounting Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Principles Accounting Part I: 1. How is managerial accounting different from financial accounting? Managerial accounting is mostly used by organizations for purposes of internet alone. The format it uses may not be conforming to the standardization by GAAP. Flexibility is offered for by the system so as the corporate can oversee needs for future and purposes of planning. Managers use managerial accounting to implement decisions thatRead MoreAccountant Role In Business Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesnew challenges and competition companies face. With those responsibilities comes a change in management techniques and accounting methods as the more traditional model becomes further obsolete. In this essay I want to analyze how the accountants’ role in business has changed; the factors of the business environment, and how accountants implement new strategic management accounting to assist their near roles in company hierarchies. The Business Environment Perhaps the first thing to analyzeRead MoreApplying Personal Managerial Accounting Problems1296 Words   |  6 PagesACT510Z-AGAC02S-01-Accounting Theory for Management Decisions, by Dr. Miller which is a hybrid class; and 2. FIN540X-A1-07-Managerial Finance by Dr. Anne which is a fully online class Outcomes from my first course ACT510Z to My Workplace The course outcomes for the ACT510Z-AGAC02S-01-Accounting Theory for Management Decisions - by Dr. Miller (Sullivan University, 2015a, P1) are: †¢ Solve various managerial accounting problems †¢ Utilize critical thinking skills in addressing various managerial accounting issuesRead MorePort Authority Analysis1245 Words   |  5 PagesDepartment. Ordinarily, the Port Authority exploits managerial accounting techniques to increase profit margin and maintain its competitive edge over the neighboring airports. Meanwhile, managerial accounting instruments assist terminal managers in recognizing, measuring, analyzing, deciphering, and conveying data information to realize the Organizations goal (Hilton Platt, 2017). With a balanced scorecard implemented, all managers, including managerial accountants, use the strategy for accurate decision-makingRead MoreThe Shift from Batch Production to Line Production853 Words   |  3 Pagesline production delivers new benefits to customers, such as the ability to meet just-in-time shipping requirements or the ability to customize on the fly. Finance probably does not need to know about the change. When finance is distinct from accounting, the function generally refers to how the company manages its cash flow and finances its organization (Siew, 2009). It is doubtful that a firm would be so tight in terms of cash flow that such a shift would put it in jeopardy of insolvency. FinanceRead MoreAdvantages And Advantages Of Ict1055 Words   |  5 Pagesorganisations. The advantage of this type of organisations are recognised in improving efficiency by truly small alterations. Information Communication and Technology(ICT) is one of the major factor behind the business growth in the world. Information Technology(IT) is defined as a technology which supports in involving creation, storage, manipulation and communication of information, together with their related methods, management and application. ICT is a fundamental ingredientRead MoreIssues of Managerial Accounting1047 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION : Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers – that is , people inside an organization who direct or control it’s operations. Via managerial accounting managers understood that good business results come from dynamic processes , procedures and practices that are well designed and properly implemented and managed. Certified management accountants are qualified to help their fellow managers achieve good business results because they have earned an advancedRead MoreThe Role of Cost Accountants in Small Scale Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria1259 Words   |  6 Pagesimprovement of this sector, with appropriate injections of technology, improved management, efficient marketing techniques and so forth (Echu, 2002). The contributions of small industries to development are generally acknowledged. Small industries face many obstacles that limit their long term performance and invariably their development and growth. Some of the causes of failure have been traced to poor management and lack of knowledge of proper accounting system employed by these industries (Akande, 2011)Read MoreThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession ACC/340 The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Advancements in technology have allowed companies, small and large, to keep accurate financial records and eliminate paper entries. Technology has also allowed individuals in the accounting field the ability to interpret the financial information efficiently and effectively. With the introduction of the internet, a company now has the option to expand their business beyond a

Nuclear Energy Failed Source of Energy free essay sample

This paper explains how the United States nuclear power program failed. This paper explains the reasons behind the halt in nuclear power plant construction in the United States. Factors in the decline of nuclear power plants include raising costs, disposal of nuclear waste, concern for safety, declining public opinion and governmental programs and decisions not favorable to the nuclear power industry. Footnotes. After a period of rapid growth in the nuclear power industry, resulting in over a hundred nuclear power plants being constructed in the United States alone, in the early 1970s the industry began to slow and even began to decline in the 1980s, while the rest of the world continued to increase their nuclear industry capacity. In the mid-1970s the Atomic Energy Commission predicated that by the year 2000 there would be more than 1,000 nuclear power plants in the United States.[1] No new nuclear power plants have been ordered in the United States since 1973 and several plants have gone off-line since. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Energy: Failed Source of Energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [2] Between 1990 and 1995, 20 additional nuclear power plants came online outside of the United States, with an additional 36 under construction. Furthermore, Robert Newman, the President of ABB Combustion Engineering Nuclear Systems, in a October 6, 1996 New York Times article suggested that his company had been approached by the government of China with a plan to build as many as 150 nuclear power plants over the next 40 years.[3] Currently, there are over 437 nuclear power plants operating around the world.[4] Hence, while the rest of the world is increasing their dependence on nuclear power, the question becomes, why is the Untied States making a rapid reversal in its dependence on nuclear power? Several tangible factors have been suggested: the rising costs of construction of a nuclear power plant, the increase in time that it takes to construct a nuclear power plant, the disposal of low grade and high grade nuclear waste, public safety of living near a nuclear power plant, declining public support for nuclear power, and the fear of nuclear power plants contributing to the proliferation of nuclear weapons around the world.

Defining Behavior free essay sample

The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate understanding and application of basic concepts of behavior analysis. Specifically you are required to develop objective, behavioral definitions of social skills behavior avoiding subjective, mentalist terms, and hypothetical constructs. General Information In a short answer format, you should choose any 3 of the 10 social skill behaviors for which you will provide several points of knowledge, as well as produce a well written behavioral objective.The ten social skill behaviors are: Greeting, Playing, Following Directions, Engaging in Eye Contact, Initiating a Conversation, Participating in a Conversation, Asking Questions, Sharing, Cooperating with Others, and Requesting. An example of the expected product for a term is provided below. Example of expected product: Identified behavior: Playing with a pet. Operational / definition: Playing with a pet Includes softly patting (softly Is defined as without force) the dogs back, head or stomach.All assignments must be submitted through this link assignments may not be submitted via email. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Grading Procedures The Defining Behavior assignment is worth 15 points total. Choose any 3 of the terms, with each term worth 5 points. Each social skills behavior will be graded according the criteria listed in the Scoring Grid below. Note: You must Indicate the graded. Scoring Grid Defining Behavior Assignment Please note: Do NOT include the Scoring Grid with your document. Choose any 3 of the following:Expected Content Points Earned Possible Points Greeting behavior How would you operationally define the behavior? How would you measure this behavior? Cite from your textbook. Produce a behavioral objective including conditions/context, criteria, target behavior and learner. 5 Playing behavior objective including conditions/context, criteria, target behavior, and learner.

The Civil War Essays (681 words) - Slavery, , Term Papers

The Civil War The civil war was doubly tragic because it was completely unnecessary. Slavery had been ended in other nations with the stroke of a pen, and yet in the mighty United States the country was willing to go to war over the issue of whether slavery should remain. The southerners felt that it was their constitutional right to own slaves and did not see a time when they should be required to give up that right. However, upon the election of Lincoln as President, the southerners felt threatened, and felt their slave holding rights were being threatened, and in an effort to protect these rights they chose to secede from the union. The northerners and Lincoln saw the importance of maintaining a united country, set out to bring back the seceded states. Thus the Civil War began. During the civil war 970, 227 Americans were either killed or wounded, this number was surpassed by only World War II. While the civil war originally began as a quest to bring the southern states back to the union. However, the goal of the war did soon change to that of abolition. While the war may have seemed necessary to the soldiers and governments who were participating, in retrospect it was unnecessary. In three separate European countries, slavery had been abolished prior to the American Civil War, and each without arms being raised. Slavery had been abolished in Britain in 1838, Sweden in 1848, and in Holland in 1863. It indeed could have similarly been abolished in the United States. However, the southerners, who were dependent on the slave institution, refused to give up their right to own slaves easily. Had the South been more progressively thinking many lives would have been saved and blood need not have been shed in the name of slavery. This is particularly true because if the south had given up their right to free labor (slavery), they would have soon received the gift of mechanical labor. Indeed they might have profited more from the use of the machines which were soon to be invented, as they did not require housing, and food. However, the southerners were deeply rooted in their institution of slavery and were prepared to go to war over their feelings. During this war the battle fields were transformed into shambles where during the duration of the war 634,703 union soldiers were killed or wounded, and 335,524 confederate soldiers were killed or wounded. Indeed this was the second most intense war second to World War II. In the civil war 3,846 soldiers from both the union army and the confederate army were killed per month of fighting. This clearly shows the intensity of the battle and the strong will which drove both sides to continue fighting in the face of such catastrophe. The financial burden endured by both sides was astronomical for the time period. The union force spent a combined 3.2 billion dollars which in terms of current currency values is 27.3 billion dollars. The confederacy spent two billion or 17.1 billion dollars. This is the price both sides were willing to pay in the name of slavery. The North and South went to war over the issue of slavery and endured a great expense in terms of human lives, and money. They could however have followed the example of Britain, Sweden, and Holland and simply signed away the institution of slavery and saved thousands of lives, and billions in dollars. However, the south was too deeply rooted in the institution of slavery, and when the Emancipation Proclamation came which freed the slaves they still treated them as they did before, often outside of the legal limits. Even after the 14th amendment which legally made people of color American citizens, there were strong racial and prejudicial feelings which ran rampant in the south, for example the KKK, and Jim Crow Laws, and literacy tests for the right to vote. African Americans endured these hardships for years to come, indeed until the civil rights movement in the 20th century.

Intercultural Interview Analysis Essay

Intercultural Interview Analysis Essay Intercultural Interview Analysis Essay Cultural changes have been witnessed in most parts of the world. In the current world, it is becoming difficult to maintain indigenous cultures. This is attributed to the rate at which technology is transforming the world across borders and making interactions between people of different cultures easier. The interaction has facilitated erosion of several aspects of people’s cultures. In place of these cultural norms, people adapt universal ways of doing things which determine how they carry out social aspects of their lives. However, this has not always been the case; people had distinct cultural values that determined how they went about their economic and social affairs. These elements identified the different cultural groupings back then. Consequently, understanding these aspects and adapting to them represent the greatest challenge for people who work across borders. Even though there have been continuous erosion of most cultural values, these changes are more pronounc ed in the younger generation. The older generation is more rigid in the aspect that they have held to cultural values. Understanding a people’s culture is critical in communicating with the people. It is the reason why one has to know the culture before setting out to interact with a different cultural group. The best way to understand cultural differences is by carrying out interviews. This paper structures such an interview with a fellow student who is a Mexican. Interview structure The questions to ask in the interview are modeled to understand the differences between North American culture and Mexican culture. These questions put emphasis on the importance of communication in the Mexican culture, and how communication is facilitated across different members of the culture. The first question will ask recognizable differences on how people communicate in America as compared to Mexico. The second question will focus on whether there is equity across gender groups in the Mexican culture. The third question focuses on the use of non verbal signs in both cultures while the last question will ask the difficulties in adapting to American culture if one is from Mexico. Getting adequate answers to these questions will help in understanding the Mexican culture and how communication can be facilitated between an American and a Mexican. Interview analysis The interview which took about 30 minutes brought out certain differences as well as similarities between the two cultures. Most importantly, it helped provide information on how communication can be facilitated between the two cultures. Starting with the differences, the Mexican culture has a different inclination on what prompts their interest in conversations. In North America, it is easy to elicit conversations through fairy tales and detective stories as these thrill a significant part of the American communication. This is very different from Mexicans who find thrill in stories themed on love myths and legends. The difference is critical in establishing what mode of communication to adopt in reference to Americans or Mexicans (Crouch, 2004). It is worth noting that Mexicans delight in fantasy or fantasizing while Americans prefer hard reality. Using factual information as a head start for a conversation with a Mexican may not prompt a conversation and it would hinder communicat ion between the individuals. Americans are automatically trusting. On the other hand, Mexicans are automatically suspicious and require a clear indication of intent coupled with actual evidence before trusting. To encourage communication with a Mexican, one needs to give them time to understand the person or else they would become suspicious. Consequently, in such cases, no meaningful communication would take place. Americans encourage criticism and are not opposed to change. Mexicans on the other hand eschew criticism and are fearful of change. Criticizing a Mexican the same way one would do to an American would attract a hostile reaction which would hinder effective communication. There are also views on gender equity which impacts communication between Americans and Mexicans. Americans have little emphasis on male supremacy and talking to a woman is not taken as belittling a man. In contrast, Mexicans are a patriarchal society where talking to a woman preferentially is viewed as demeaning to a man. This disco urages sober communication and in some instances elicits hostility from the predominantly patriarchal society. However, there are some similarities in the two cultures, the most common being use of gestures in communication. These gestures include nodding which means acceptance and shaking of one’s head which denotes negation (Mente, 2009). These are the only clear cut similarities impacting on information between the American and Mexican cultures. In conclusion, intercultural analysis enabled by this kind of an interview involves an actual encounter between two participants who represent different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It presents an opportunity to identify similarities and differences between these linguistic and cultural backgrounds. By identifying these differences and similarities, those seeking to interact have a basis of doing it successfully by creating the right impression. The right impression encourages communication and makes it easy to elicit information or conduct business in the foreign culture. However, the success of this is dependent on the structure of the interview which should include questions on all aspects that impact communication within the other culture. From the above comparison, it is easy to understand the Mexican culture and this facilitates easy communication within the cultural setup.

The Leadership Role in Management Research Paper

The Leadership Role in Management - Research Paper Example Managers are those individuals who are in charge of the company. Their responsibility is to be the individual that monitors the progress of people who work under them and who take care of payroll and budgeting matters. Leaders are those individuals who are hired into the company to make change (57). Leaders are the change agents who are hired to see an organizations big picture. "Management is a function that must be exercised in any business, leadership is a relationship between leader and led that can energize an organization" (57). Another way of comparing leaders and managers is portrayed in this chart: A great leader has certain qualities that are apparent and that managers may not have available to them. Marcus Buckingham and Coffman suggest that focus is what makes a difference between the manager and the leader. The managers focus is on the inside of the company and how each part of the company works together. A good manager will notice the differences in style, goals and needs of their individual employers. Leaders look at outward and they are most concerned with the competition, the big picture for the company, broader patterns and see where and when they can get the advantage over their competition (63). The challenge for most companies is that they cannot understand the differences in these roles so they expect managers to be leaders and leaders to be managers. Instead, they need both types of people to move their companies forward. Marcus Buckingham states that "leadership requires certain natural talents" (33). He said that because of this a manager cannot be a leader unless they have these natural talents. When a manager is a leader the company must understand their intense focus. There are hundreds of websites that will tell the qualities that make great leaders. The challenge is that everyone has a different idea as to what qualities an individual should have to lead their team. Today it is imperative to know